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If I am convicted of a criminal offence, will I lose my residence permit or my Belgian citizenship?

In short

It depends. Not every conviction automatically ends your right of residence. But for serious or repeated offences, your right of residence can be withdrawn, and your citizenship application may also be affected.

This rule in 66 seconds
Video transcript

You've been convicted of a crime. You wonder what will happen to your residence permit. It depends: Not every conviction ends your residence. But for serious or repeated crimes, residence can be ended, and a citizenship application can also be negatively affected. The right way: Go to a lawyer or free legal advice straight away. Always ask whether you have extra protection. Consequences: Residence permit: Can be ended; Citizenship objection: Appeal within 15 days; Belgian by birth: Can't lose citizenship.

What is not allowed, what is required?

  • The Immigration Office (Dienst Vreemdelingenzaken / Office des étrangers) can end your right of residence on grounds of public order or national security (Aliens Act art. 21).
  • For people with permanent residence or long-term resident status, or who have lived here without interruption for 10 years, there must be 'serious' public order reasons (art. 22).
  • The decision must be based on the person's own conduct. The seriousness of the offence, how long the person has been in Belgium, their age, their family and their ties with their country of origin are taken into account (art. 23).
  • When you apply for citizenship, the public prosecutor can give a negative opinion if there are serious facts relating to you personally (gewichtige feiten eigen aan de persoon). A final conviction for social security or tax fraud is one of these.
  • People who became Belgian later in life can lose their citizenship if they obtained it by fraud. They can also lose it if, within 15 years of becoming Belgian, they commit certain serious offences and receive a prison sentence of at least 5 years that is not suspended.
  • Some people may have extra protection, for example recognised refugees, family members of EU citizens, or citizens of countries that have a special agreement with the EU. Make sure you ask your lawyer about this.

Penalty and indirect consequences

PENALTY NOTICE
Fine / payment
This is not a penalty but an administrative consequence. Each decision is made case by case.

Legal basis:Vreemdelingenwet 15.12.1980, art. 21, 23 §1

Court / prison
There is no prison sentence as such. These consequences come on top of the conviction.

Legal basis:Vreemdelingenwet 15.12.1980, art. 21

What really matters: the indirect consequences

  • Your residence permit can be withdrawn or not renewed

    Legal basis:Vreemdelingenwet 15.12.1980, art. 21, 13 §1

  • The public prosecutor can give a negative opinion on your citizenship application; you can challenge this opinion at the family court within 15 days

    Legal basis:WBN 28.6.1984, art. 15 §5

  • People who are Belgian from birth through a Belgian mother or father cannot be stripped of their citizenship

    Legal basis:WBN 28.6.1984, art. 23 §1

  • These decisions are complex; get free initial legal advice or see a lawyer straight away

Why does this rule exist?

The state wants to protect public safety. But the law also requires it to weigh up the person's life, family and ties in Belgium, so each case is looked at individually.

Where can you go?

  • Municipal population officeChange of address, identity card and residence card
  • Neighbourhood police officerAddress check (wijkagent / agent de quartier)
  • Social interpreterAt the municipality, the OCMW/CPAS, school and hospital, you can ask for an interpreter in your language; it is often free.

This site does not handle individual cases; it points you to the right service. All help addresses

Source and reliability

Official source
Source check
23 / 23 statements in an official source
Checked: 22.10.2026
Last checked
22.10.2026
Rules can change
Show the 23 checked statementsopen

The checked statements are in Turkish, as in the source text. This check does not replace legal advice.

General information, not legal advice. For your own situation, ask a lawyer or free legal aid. How was this information prepared?

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